Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores or pressure injuries, are localized areas of tissue damage caused by prolonged pressure, friction, or shear. They often occur in patients who are bedridden or have limited mobility, and managing them effectively requires proper wound care—including the right choice of wound dressing.

Understanding Pressure Ulcers

Pressure ulcers typically develop over bony prominences such as the sacrum, heels, elbows, or hips. They progress through several stages, from mild redness and superficial skin damage to deep wounds involving muscle and bone. The severity of the ulcer, along with the amount of exudate and the presence of infection, guides the selection of appropriate dressings.

Key Goals in Dressing Selection

The main objectives of pressure ulcer management are to:

• Protect the wound from infection

• Maintain a moist wound environment to promote healing

• Manage exudate levels effectively

• Reduce pain and discomfort

• Protect surrounding skin from maceration

Each type of dressing serves a specific function depending on these needs.

Common Types of Dressings for Pressure Ulcers

1. Hydrocolloid Dressings
These dressings form a gel when in contact with wound exudate, maintaining a moist environment and supporting autolytic debridement. They are ideal for shallow to moderately exuding pressure ulcers and are comfortable to wear for several days.

2. Hydrogel Dressings
Hydrogels are water-based or glycerin-based materials that help rehydrate dry wounds and soften necrotic tissue. They are particularly suitable for dry or minimally exuding ulcers, providing soothing relief from pain.

3. Foam Dressings
Foam dressings are highly absorbent and cushion the wound, protecting it from external pressure and trauma. They are recommended for moderate to heavily exuding ulcers, especially those on pressure-prone areas like heels and hips.

4. Alginate Dressings
Made from seaweed-derived calcium alginate, these dressings absorb large amounts of exudate and form a gel that helps control moisture. They are useful for deep, heavily draining pressure ulcers.

5. Antimicrobial Dressings
For wounds at risk of infection or showing signs of bacterial colonization, dressings containing silver, iodine, or other antimicrobial agents can help reduce bacterial load and support healing.

6. Collagen Dressings
Collagen-based dressings stimulate the wound healing process by encouraging new tissue growth and providing structural support. They are suitable for chronic, slow-healing ulcers.

Additional Care Considerations

While dressings play a crucial role, they are only one part of a comprehensive care plan. Regular repositioning of the patient, use of pressure-relieving surfaces (such as air mattresses or foam cushions), proper nutrition, and maintaining skin hygiene are all essential for healing and prevention.

Conclusion

Selecting the right wound dressing for pressure ulcers requires understanding the wound’s stage, moisture balance, and infection status. A well-chosen dressing not only protects the wound but also creates an optimal environment for healing—helping patients recover more comfortably and reducing the risk of complications. Consulting a healthcare professional or wound care specialist ensures that each pressure ulcer receives the most appropriate treatment for its condition.